Mechano-chemical synthesis of manganese borohydride (Mn(BH4)2) and inverse cubic spinel (Li2MnCl4) in the (nLiBH4 + MnCl2) (n = 1, 2, 3, 5, 9 and 23) mixtures and their dehydrogenation behavior

Manganese borohydride (Mn(BH₄)₂) was successfully synthesized by a mechano-chemical activation synthesis (MCAS) from lithium borohydride (LiBH₄) and manganese chloride (MnCl₂) by applying high energy ball milling for 30 min. For the first time a wide range of molar ratios n = 1, 2, 3, 5, 9 and 23 in the (nLiBH₄ + MnCl₂) mixture was investigated. During ball milling for 30 min the mixtures release only a very small quantity of H₂ that increases with the molar ratio n but does not exceed ∼0.2 wt.% for n = 23. However, longer milling duration leads to more H₂ released. For the equimolar ratio n = 1 the principal phases synthesized are Li₂MnCl₄, an inverse cubic spinel phase, and the Mn(BH₄)₂ borohydride. For n = 2 a LiCl salt is formed which coexists with Mn(BH₄)₂. With the n increasing from 3 to 23 LiBH₄ is not completely reacted and its increasing amount is retained in the microstructure coexisting with LiCl and Mn(BH₄)₂. Gas mass spectrometry during Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) up to 450 °C shows the release of hydrogen as a principal gas with a maximum intensity around 130–150 °C accompanied by a miniscule quantity of borane B₂H₆. The intensity of the B₂H₆ peak is 200–600 times smaller than the intensity of the corresponding H₂ peak. In situ heating experiments using a continuous monitoring during heating show no evidence of melting of Mn(BH₄)₂ up to about 270–280 °C. At 100 °C under 1 bar H₂ pressure the ball milled n = 2 and 3 mixtures are capable of desorbing quite rapidly ∼4 wt.% H₂ which is a very large amount of H₂ considering that the mixture also contains 2 mol of LiCl salt. The H₂ quantities experimentally desorbed at 100 and 200 °C do not exceed the maximum theoretical quantities of H₂ expected to be desorbed from Mn(BH₄)₂ for various molar ratios n. It clearly confirms that the contribution from B₂H₆ evolved is negligibly small (if any) when desorption occurs isothermally in the practical temperature range 100–200 °C. It is found that the ball milled mixture with the molar ratio n = 3 exhibits the highest rate constant k and the lowest apparent activation energy for dehydrogenation, E_A ∼ 102 kJ/mol. Decreasing or increasing the molar ratio n below or above 3 increases the apparent activation energy. Ball milled mixtures with the molar ratio n = 2 and 3 discharge slowly H₂ during storage at room temperature and 40 °C. The addition of 5 wt.% nano-Ni with a specific surface area of 60.5 m²/g substantially enhances the rate of discharge at 40 °C.     

Hydrogen storage properties of Mg2Ni affected by Cr catalyst

The effect of Cr as a catalyst in different proportions was investigated to monitor the hydrogen storage properties of Mg₂Ni including their thermodynamic aspects. The P–C–T isotherms for absorption/desorption were measured at 225 °C, 250 °C, 275 °C and 300 °C temperatures. A significant increment in the plateau pressures at different temperature was observed, which shows the positive impact of Cr content in the formation of less stable hydrides. The active sites produced by the ball milling may be the reason for the formation of less stable hydrides. Decrements in the storage capacity with the Cr content were attributed to the formation of MgNi₂ phase which does not absorb hydrogen at the employed temperature-pressure conditions. XRD and SEM technique were used to identify the structural and morphological changes induced by the hydrogenation cycles.     

剪刀式桥梁展桥机构铰点位置多目标优化设计

阐述一种新型剪刀式桥梁展桥机构的工作原理。针对方案样机在架设初始状态时展桥机构驱动油缸小腔受力过大、引起间断液压油溢流问题,利用Denavit-Hatenberg齐次变换矩阵建立展桥机构的运动学和静力学模型。根据展桥机构驱动油缸闭锁力与驱动力不同的特点,提出确定剪刀式桥梁展桥机构关键铰点位置的多目标优化计算方法。对剪刀式桥梁方案样机展桥机构的关键铰点位置进行优化设计,利用机械系统动力学分析ADAMS软件进一步验证了优化计算模型。研究结果表明：优化后展桥油缸的最大拉力降幅达59.5%,展桥油缸的受力分布趋于合理;所提出的展桥机构计算模型正确;优化方法具有收敛速度快、稳定性好等特点;展桥机构优化计算结果为方案样机改进提供了依据。     

折叠箱内铰链铸钢件的材质研制与生产

折叠箱内铰链是折叠箱中较关键的部件,一直采用钢板割焊生产,材料利用率低,工序多,成本高.为提高生产效率,降低成本,折叠箱生产厂家决定采用铸造方法生产.根据内铰链的工况要求,需开发出一种低成本、高屈服强度的焊接结构钢生产内铰链.参照焊接结构钢化学成分的要求,设计较低的贵重金属Cr、M0、Cu含量,并通过870℃油淬及580℃的回火热处理,材料达到了折叠箱内铰链铸钢件的要求,即焊接性能好,屈服强度≥390MPa,而且有较好的韧性.生产加工后的内铰链铸件产品完全满足使用要求,内铰链的生产完全可以由铸件生产代替钢板割焊生产.     

Mn-substituted nickel hydroxide prepared by ball milling and its electrochemical properties

In order to reduce the price of nickel hydroxide and extend the application of nickel based alkaline secondary batteries, Mn substituted nickel hydroxide (Ni_1−xMn_x(OH)₂, x = 0-0.4) was prepared by using a simple ball milling method in this paper. The optimal ball milling conditions were obtained for the preparation of Ni_0.8Mn_0.2(OH)₂. The results of X-ray diffraction, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and charge-discharge tests indicated that (i) a structure of β-Ni(OH)₂ was maintained for Ni_1−xMn_x(OH)₂; (ii) the surface electrochemical activity of nickel hydroxide could be effectively improved by Mn substitution; (iii) capacity of Ni_0.8Mn_0.2(OH)₂ reached 282 mA h/g and it showed an excellent cycling durability; (iv) compared to no-substituted nickel hydroxide, Ni_0.8Mn_0.2(OH)₂ showed a decrease both in charge-discharge plateau and capacity; but with the increase of discharge rate, the difference in discharge plateau between them was smaller, and capacity of the latter exceeded the former.     

高能球磨法制备SiC/Al复合粉末的工艺研究

采用高能球磨技术制备SiC和Al的复合粉末,研究了球磨时间、过程控制剂(PCA)、球料比以及SiC与Al混粉质量比对复合粉末粒度和包覆效果的影响。结果表明,复合粉末平均粒径的大小与PCA、混粉比、球磨时间和球料比有关,其影响程度依次为:PCA>混粉比>时间>球料比;复合粉末的粒径大小随着球磨时间、PCA和球料比的增加而显著减小,而随着混粉质量比的增加呈现先减后增的趋势。混粉质量比为3:7的复合粉末平均粒径达到最小值;球磨时间为9h、PCA添加量为1.5%、球料比为12:1和Al与SiC混粉质量比为3:7时,能制备出颗粒细小、包覆效果好的优质复合粉末。     

掩护式液压支架顶梁掩护梁铰接点结构优化分析

针对液压支架顶梁与掩护梁铰接点处的漏矸问题进行分析,对比目前常用结构,通过对其铰接处漏矸问题的有效解决,说明此优化结构的特点。用ANSYS有限元和液压支架设计软件进行铰接处结构的受力分析,保证了局部结构和整体结构的强度,为支架结构设计提供参考价值。     

汶川震害中框架结构破坏分析及设计建议

根据汶川大地震的震害结果,对地震中的框架柱的破坏形式和原因进行分析,进而探讨强柱弱梁实现过程中的一些问题,从而提出一些抗震设计建议,提高地震中建筑物的抗震性能.     

多层钢框架结构的Pushover分析

采用四种不同的水平加载模式对多层钢框架结构进行了多遇地震、罕遇地震作用下的Pushover分析,得到结构的顶点位移、各楼层层间位移、层间位移角以及塑性铰分布,在性能点处,多遇地震作用下结构并未出现塑性铰,在罕遇地震作用下结构逐步出现塑性铰,进而判断出结构中的薄弱环节为结构的底层。     

A robust omnidirectional vision sensor for soccer robots

How to make robot vision work robustly under varying lighting conditions and without the constraint of the current color-coded environment are two of the most challenging issues in the RoboCup community. In this paper, we present a robust omnidirectional vision sensor to deal with these issues for the RoboCup Middle Size League soccer robots, in which two novel algorithms are applied. The first one is a camera parameters auto-adjusting algorithm based on image entropy. The relationship between image entropy and camera parameters is verified by experiments, and camera parameters are optimized by maximizing image entropy to adapt the output of the omnidirectional vision to the varying illumination. The second one is a ball recognition method based on the omnidirectional vision without color classification. The conclusion is derived that the ball on the field can be imaged to be an ellipse approximately in our omnidirectional vision, and the arbitrary FIFA ball can be recognized by detecting the ellipse imaged by the ball. The experimental results show that a robust omnidirectional vision sensor can be realized by using the two algorithms mentioned above.